and f.įor feminine proper nouns from Greek in -ō with genitive in -ūs, see Appendix:Latin fourth declension § Feminine -ō form (from Greek).įive types of Greek nouns third declension Įxcluding proper nouns, there seem to be around 4-5 types of declensions of greek nouns as part of Latin's 3rd declension: Greek declensions Declesion general Ĭitation form: āēr, āeris m, sometimes f CaseĬitation form: tigris, tigridis m and f Case Words borrowed from Greek's third declension are inflected with a varying mixture of Greek and Latin case endings.Įxamples Consonant stem The forms of the nominative and vocative singular are identical to each other and are often quite different from other cases, in which case both stems are given in citation forms. They are of all three genders, and have genitives in -is. Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems (e.g., as the i in the neutral genitive plural animal ium). "Animal, -is" "calcar,-is" and other neuter nouns that end in "-al/-ar" are considered as parisyllables.In some cases the accusative singular in "-im" and the ablative singular in "-i" are: turris,-is puppis,-is sitis,-is vis,-is tussis,-is securis,-is febris,-is.In some "imparisyllabic" the genitive plural is in "ium" est: lis, litis dos, dotis mus,muris etc.Imparisyllables, nouns that do not have an equal number of syllables in the nominative and in the genitive singular (e.g.Parisyllabic, nouns that have an equal number of syllables in the nominative and in the genitive singular (e.g.Nouns general rule: Parisyllables and Imparisyllables Third Declension Cases 2.2.3 Two-termination consonant stem (comparatives).1.3.6.2 five types of Greek nouns third declension.1.1 general rule: Parisyllables and Imparisyllables.The plural and dative singular forms equal the forms of pure Latin words.Rōma, -ae f (with locative, without plural).For this reason, the ending -ābus was regularly used in the dative and ablative plurals of the nouns dea (goddess) and filia (daughter). However, if a distinction must be made, equīs for 'mares' would become equābus in the dative and ablative plural. Because first declension nouns and second declension nouns display an –īs in the dative and ablative plural, words like equus (horse) and equa (mare) will end up looking alike in these cases.Likewise, the genitive plural ending is -um instead of -ārum.In poetry, the genitive singular -āī occurs.This is often used with familia as in pater familiās and māter familiās. The older genitive singular termination is an -ās.nominative athlēta may be used instead of the original athlētēs. Occasionally, these Greek nouns may be declined as if they were native Latin nouns, e.g. They are declined irregularly in the singular. The first declension also holds three types of Greek nouns, derived from Ancient Greek's First (alpha) declension. These include 'farmer' ( agricola, agricolae masc.), 'sailor' ( nauta, nautae masc.), 'charioteer' ( aurīga, aurīgae masc.), 'inhabitant' ( incola, incolae masc.), 'pirate' ( pīrāta, pīrātae masc.), 'writer' ( scrība, scrībae masc.), and 'poet' ( poēta, poētae masc). There is a small category of masculine exceptions, which generally refer to occupations. The nominative singular form consists of the stem and the suffix -a, and the genitive singular form is the stem plus -ae. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is a. Latin words of the first declension have an invariable stem and are generally of feminine gender.
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